Human personality, expressed emotions, strivings, and beliefs arise from a conflict between aggressive, pleasure-seeking, biological impulses and the social restraints against their expression (Bee, 2000). This conflict between expression and repression, in ways that bring the achievement of satisfaction without punishment or guilt, drives the development of personality. Understanding an individual means understanding which defense mechanisms their subconscious has chosen and how their defenses work for them. Psychotherapist, Sigmund Freud, based his understanding of psychological defense …showed first 75 words of 2024 total…

…showed last 75 words of 2024 total…harvard.edu/ Managing Interpersonal Relationships. (1975). Minnesota: Wilson Learning Corporation. Metcalf, Maripat, Ph.D. (2000). Defense Mechanisms. Health-Center.com Message Boards. [Online], available: http://new.health-center.com/ Oster, Neill S., M.D. (1999). Syllabus: Mt. Sinai School of Medicine Disaster Emergency Medical Services. [Online], available: http://www.fcep.org/dis99syllabus/oster/index.htm Tucker-Ladd, Clayton E. (1999). Psychological Self-Help. [Online], available: http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/ Vaillant, George E. (1997). The Wisdom of the Ego. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.